ethical decision making - 16006 Words

CHAPTER 11 Ethics and Health Pat Kurtz and Ronald L. Burr Authors Go Here Authors Go Here Authors Go Here Visit http://nursing.jbpub.com/communityhealth for Visit http://nursing.jbpub.com/communityhealth interactive exercises, review questions, WebLinks for interactive exercises, review questions, and more. Web links, and more.  © Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 1786X_CH11_248_269.pdf 248 12/30/08 10:30:24 AM REFLECTIONS It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. —Albert Einstein A state legislature allotted its state health department $750,000 to match Ryan White federal funding for medication sufï ¬ cient to treat 20 patients with†¦show more content†¦Bioethics is the common name for the study of ethics as it relates to health and the moral problems that arise as a result of advances in health technologies and our increasing ability to do more to treat illness and prolong life. The theories resulting from ethical study provide a guide to examining ethical situations and to articulating preferred ways of living and behaving as health care practitioners. We must, however, remain aware that differences of opinion exist among those well versed in bioethics regarding which theories best ï ¬ t which cases, as well as what kind of role character development plays in preparation for acting ethically in the community. As our understanding of the universe, the nature of human behavior, and societal relationships has increased or changed, theories about ethical behavior have been modiï ¬ ed and new theories developed. One essential difference in the various approaches to ethical decision making has to do with the target of the action. For whom or for what are we interested in doing the right thing—ourselves, a co-worker, an individual patient, a family, an organization, a community, a nation, or the world? Unfortunately, what may seem to be the right thing to do for one person or group may not be the right thing for another. A situation characterized by conï ¬â€šicting rights or obligations is known as an ethical dilemma. Because of theShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1496 Words   |  6 PagesFacing Ethical Decisions How does a person determine what is right or wrong when making a decision? Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005)Read MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agencyRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead Moreethical decision making1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ethical- Decision Making University of the Rockies Mabel Drafton Abstract Countertransference is how therapists distort the way they perceive and react to a client (Corey, Corey, and Callanan, 2011). Therapists are expected to identify and deal with their own reactions with consultation, personal therapy, and supervision that their clients will not be negatively affected by the therapist’s problem. Personal therapy is an effective way for therapistsRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1026 Words   |  5 Pageswithin a particular organization. Also, it includes critical and ethical decision-making process so as to address various ethical dilemmas experienced by employees while undertaking their respective assigned duties within the company. Ethical dilemmas are hereby to stay as issues usually arise now and then and place a variety of options that bear different repercussions. Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears moreRead MoreEthical Decision Mak ing3508 Words   |  15 Pagesare some times when there is no choice but to make decisions with possible ethical consequences at some point in any human services career when an ethical dilemma is faced. If one chooses not to make a decision, it is a decision itself (Keith-Spiegel Koocher , 2010). In this paper, I am concerned with applied ethics and decision making using framework for a positive decision in presented scenario (Appendix) which guide the conduct for decisions based on theories about what is morally right or wrongRead MoreEthical Decision Making : The Ethical Dilemma901 Words   |  4 PagesEthical decision making is vital to the operation of any organization. Organizations that operate unethically can face step fines, civil suites and even jail time. Furthermore, and most importantly, companies that are considered ethical, are better at attracting customers, qualified employees and even have an easier time raising capital (Robinson, 2014). Organizations must ensure that everyone within their business operates ethically and understands what to do when faced with ethical dilemmas andRead MoreThe Moral Decision Making : An Ethical Decision1517 Words   |  7 PagesEthical decision-making is a vital part of my critical thinking, serving as a constant factor or th eme throughout the process. History is full of leaders who, more than likely, were extraordinary critical thinkers capable fully dedicated to making solid decisions. However, a great decision developed through critical thinking does not equate to the â€Å"right† decision or an ethical decision. For example, one could argue Adolf Hitler and his inner circle were exceptional critical thinkers capable ofRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethics982 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Decision-Making Georgeanne M. Battle University of the Rockies Ethical Decision-Making By selecting an ethical dilemma case from our text Corey, Corey, Callanan, (2011), I will discuss how to apply systematic steps toward the resolution of the dilemma. While the case is under review the steps that I would take in making an ethical decision will be explained. Also, how to include the client in making the decision will be studied. I will look at what ways is accounting for the APA EthicsRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Consequences Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Decision Making and Consequences There are many decisions, both positive and negative that can be made by an instructor, when faced with the dilemma of plagiarism. As an educator, it is our job to teach and hopefully reach the decision making process that might have led them to do this and enhance their own feelings about their ability to do the right thing. The approach an instructor takes can make a strong, proficient and competent professional or it can make a bitter, resentful person

Scouting for Reality Essay Example For Students

Scouting for Reality Essay To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a journey through reality for Scout Finch and her brother Jem. The plot takes place in 1933 overlooking the case of a black man, Tom Robinson, who is fighting for justice after being wrongly accused of raping a white woman. Tom Robinson is being defended by Atticus Finch, the only lawyer that would stand up for the black man. He tried vigorously to defend Tom, but despite his diligent efforts the all white jury comes up with the verdict guilty. Throughout the experience with Mrs. Dubose and Arthur Radley, the main character, Scout, greatly matures, and she learns not to accept her illusions of reality until she finds reality itself. Scout thinks that Mrs. Dubose is a mean, old and vicious woman who has nothing better to do than bicker at them when they walk by. Scout even goes to say â€Å"She was horrible. Her face was the color of a dirty pillowcase, and corners of her mouth listened with wet, which inched like a glacier down the deep grooves enclosing her chin. Old-age liver spots dotted her cheeks, and her pale eyes had black pinpoint pupils. Her hands were knobby, and cuticles were grown up over her fingernails† (122). On the contrary, Mrs. Dubose is totally different; she is a dying woman who wants to get rid of her morphine addiction before she dies. Furthermore, through this experience, Scout learns to be tolerant against slander. Also, throughout the whole event, Scout’s maturity greatly increases as she learns what it means to be truly brave. Atticus even goes to say â€Å"she was the bravest person I ever knew† (128). In addition she also displays this courage when she stands in front of mob next to the jail which held Tom Robison. In the end, this lesson helps Scout in the duration of the Tom Robinson case. Scout learns and matures greatly during her experiences with the Radley house. Arthur Radley more commonly known as â€Å"Boo Radley† to Scout is a scary ghostly person. Moreover he is described by the town as â€Å"malevolent phantom† and they even say â€Å"When people’s azaleas frozen in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them† (9). However, Boo Radley turns out to be a very kind and innocent person who was harmed by his cruel father Nathan Radley. Boo shows his kindness by covering Scout at the fire, sending her gifts in the pot hole and saving her and Jem from Bob Ewell. Her maturity increases as she shows her understanding that a person should not harm those who have only done good deeds. In others words, she knows Boo is a mockingbird and bringing him to trial would be similar to killing one. Finally, she realizes that she has prejudice inside of her, and she realizes that she should not judge people by color of skin or how wealthy the f amily is but by the person itself. To sum it up, Scout, as an immature child, looks at everything through appearance and judges it in the same manner. Just how the jury in the Tom Robinson case, judges Tom by the color of his skin. However, once she looks into the illusions of hers, she finds reality and stays true to Atticus advice â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it† (33). Finally the lessons that Mrs. Dubose and Boo Radley taught Scout are valuable teachings of life which she will express and use throughout her whole life.

golden circle Essays - Educational Psychology, Coach, Start With Why

The Coaching Golden Circle By Patrick Jackson Chris brinson What Is The Coaching Golden Circle? What is the Golden Circle? Start with WHY Simon Sinek's Golden Circle Theory defines the different entities or stages of your business model and how your audience relates to your vision or message. He uses the core questions, Why, How, and What? Why? The reason for coaching: If you coach simply to win games you may be fulfilled but your players wont learn much. However, if you coach with the ultimate goal of teaching your players what it takes to succeed in life, then it is a win-win for everyone. How? How do you Coach? Becoming a leader and role model for players Build a relationship of mutual trust What? What is Coaching? Coaching is unlocking a persons potential to maximize their own performance. It is helping them to learn rather than teaching them. Why is coaching important? It is important to coach because as a coach you will spend many hours with your players, therefore you will become like a parent to them, therefore you can have a positive affect on his or her life. Why do we coach https://youtu.be/cgnAm6_DYmU why we coach

Creatine essays

Creatine essays In the last few years there has been an increase in the popularity of mono-hydrate supplements that are used by athletes. Some of the most popular of these supplements are creatine and androstenedione. They are used by some very famous athletes in professional sports. There are many problems that go along with using these supplements that are serious health-wise issues. Athletes today are not thinking of what kind effects will happen to them in the long run, when using creatine substances. They are looking for easier ways of training and enhancing their performance. They are under a lot of pressure to succeed and win all the time that it must be easier to find a short cut for gaining quick strength and a little bit of speed increase. In this paper I will tell you some of the risks that these supplements bring on you. Also I will give an overview of what both creatine and androstenedione. are. For as long as I can remember I have been involved in athletics. Being involved in hig h school basketball made me go through some tough training and conditioning. I have never had the help of any type of artificial supplement or performance-enhancing drug helping me condition or build muscles faster. However, I found out that there was couple people who were taking these supplements such as creatine and androstenedione. and getting pretty strong very fast. Creatine seemed to work good, so seeing this made me curious about what exactly creatine did to you, what the effects they had on athletes, and if they were illegal. I found out that some really famous athletes had used them. I wondered if they were safe to use and if they had any side effects. In searching on this topic of mono-hydrate supplements and performance-enhancing drugs, I had couple views about about their use by athletes. After my research was completed I have a opinion that these supplements should be banned from athletics all together. I had a couple of questions during my ...

Dicken's and Wright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dicken's and Wright - Essay Example ld, hard facts in numerous treatises and injunctions that would have few readers and fewer active responders, Dickens opted to include these details within his fictional stories while Wright opted to present his own autobiography in story form. In approaching the subjects in this way, these authors engaged readers’ hearts, minds and souls in the issues of the day. This method, referred to as realism, was quite effective in making the public more aware of the problems still to be overcome in London and elsewhere in a modernizing society. While Dickens concentrated on life in England’s cities, Wright attempted to demonstrate the conditions under which millions of black people were forced to live in the Jim Crow era of the American South. Both Charles Dickens’ Old Curiosity Shop and Richard Wright’s The Ethics of Living Jim Crow are effective in demonstrating how realism can establish the case for social change. The tragedy of the Old Curiosity Shop is that Nell Trent and her grandfather are unable to break out of the poverty of their lives and suffer wasting death as a result. Examining an excerpt from the 45th chapter of the book illustrates how the narrative provides grisly details of the life of the masses as they existed beneath or behind the glitz of the new machinery and wealth of the age. In this chapter, Nell and her grandfather are seen to walk through a ‘dismal town’ characterized by ‘shrinking leaves’ and ‘rank flowers’ to give an overall impression of the town as ‘blighting and unwholesome’ (83). Rather than having the excitement and promise typically associated with moving to a new place, Nell and her grandfather experience â€Å"the dark, depressing influence stale upon their spirits† and feel the weight of their poverty and struggle (83). Through his use of imagery and sensual description of the dirty industrial town described in this chapter, Dickens enables his readers to almost feel the realty of the polluted

Explore public relations practice in Business in China Essay

Explore public relations practice in Business in China - Essay Example China has enjoyed political stability resulting from minimal opposition from citizens and legitimate governance. Historically, China has remained intact for around 5000 years hence high levels of developments achieved. The prolonged existence of stability is due to achievement in building healthy public relations between the citizens. There is widespread interdependence of all the people of China whereby there is communal responsibility rather than individual. This means that most of the roles are collective and focus on the success of the whole country rather than individuals (Shandwick, 2004). Like other countries of the world, China experiences cases of violence due to rising conflicting ideas among the leaders. A single party known as â€Å"The Communist Party of China† (CPC) governs China. The party provides leadership to the country’s 22 provinces, 5 sovereign regions and 4 directly governed municipalities. There are two other notable governing regions Hong Kong and Macau, which are also under CPC. The capital city for China is Beijing. China’s landscape is not favorable for traditional agricultural practices because most of the land lies in the desert. The terrain in general is rugged and hilly. The land proximity forced most of the Chinese to practice peasant farming for survival (Culbertson, 2006). The practice of peasant farming ended in 1970’s as an initiative by Mao Tse-tung to change Chinese Society. Mao suggested adoption of Western technology to end poverty. Adoptions of western technology and public relations have improved the economy of China to the present state. The purpose of this essay is to address the bond between the Chinese culture and public relations. This addresses the people of China way of life and their relationship. Another focus is the impact of media in promoting public relations in the country, and impacts of public relations to business development in the country (Culbertson, 2006). Finally, the essay

Verbal And Nonverbal Communication

Verbal And Nonverbal Communication When we pursue to convey our thoughts to another person, we use three different modes, methods, or channels to transmit our intentions. These modes are important to let people know who we are, how we view and experience the world, and how we describe our experiences. This communication is done verbally and non-verbally, and sometimes with varied signals or noise. When two people, A and B, are trying to communicate with each other, their communication somehow becomes distorted or altered. This could be due to an assortment of things such personalities, attitudes, values, belief systems, biases, assumptions, experience, background, and so on. We put in our own thoughts to what we hear, we disregard or overlook what we hear, and we alter messages according to the modes that are used to convey messages. As a society, we say a lot to each other about who we are and how we portray each other and the rest of the world through symbolic ways. The symbolic communication mode is basically unreceptive, and messages transmitted in this way are very effortlessly misunderstood. There are a variety of symbols that we use as a form of communication (Hybels Weaver, 2007). First, our selection of clothes can enlighten an enormous amount about who we are, what our values are, what our status is, how traditional or open-minded we are. We link differences in occupational categories with different uniforms. An example would be the banker wearing a suit or the farmer wearing overalls, and so on (Blatner, 1985). The second set of symbols is hair, which for some people can have a lot of meaning. This type of communication is shown through the type of hairdo, length and color of hair, and the existence or nonexistence of facial hair. They can say a great deal about who we are. Nonetheless, these signals are often extremely vague (Blatner, 1985). A third symbolic type of communication is jewelry. Married people regularly wear wedding rings, some people do not wear a watch, and some people wear exceedingly expensive jewelry, and so on. These are inert messages that are given out constantly to other people. Such things as wearing a flag pin on the collar, a red ribbon, an earring in one ear or in the nose say loads of things to other people (Blatner, 1985). A fourth type of symbolic statement to other people is cosmetics a.k.a makeup. We connect meanings with the different ways women apply makeup to their bodies. Prostitutes have been known to wear heavier makeup than other women. Even a man who uses cosmetics is giving out a lot of symbolic message about the meaning that his world has for him (Blatner, 1985). What a person drives or their choice of vehicles is the fifth symbolic mode. There are different sets of messages between a business executive who drives a sports car to his colleague who drives a luxury sedan or an ordinary family car. The sixth symbolic mode is the selection and locality of our houses. Social status is openly associated with the kind of home one lives in and its location (Blatner, 1985). The seventh and final form of symbolic communication is the layout of our living or working spaces. An example of this would be how an interview would be laid out. In one instance, the interviewer and interviewee have a desk in between them. The next instance would place the two sitting face to face with nothing in between them. Both of these give out a primarily different set of messages (Blatner, 1985). During communication, people are continuously giving out signals. These signals entail the meaning that we want others to understand using the symbols that we opt to enclose ourselves and devote ourselves with. These symbols are basically passive, but are a genuine part of our communication. In all aspects of life, talking, not talking, even sleeping, we send out passive symbolic signals (Blatner, 1985). The technical term for nonverbal communication is called kinesis. This type of communication or body language is typically involuntary, and the nonverbal signals are expressed through behavior as well as verbally and also have symbolic meaning. There are many diverse forms of body language. The first one is ambulation. We relate different meanings to different ways people carry their bodies from one place to another. The way a person carries their body, whether they glide, stride, stomp, etc. says a lot about who they are and how they experience their surroundings (Fast, 1971). One of the most dominant forms of nonverbal communication is touching (Jones, 1994). Due to it being the largest organ in the body, the skin can receive a variety of stimuli. From a simple touch, we can communicate such feelings as anger, interest, trust, tenderness, warmth, and many other emotions. People are different in their keenness to touch and be touched. Several people give away nonverbal body signals that state that they do not want to be touched, and there are other people who describe themselves and are described by others as touchy feely. There are many taboos related to this form of communication. A person can realize a lot about their own personalities and self concepts studying their reactions to touching and being touched. A next type of nonverbal communication is eye contact. As humans, we are inclined to size each other up and determine their trustworthiness through reactions to each others eye contact. Consider the last time you were driving down the road and passed a hitch-hiker. The chances are that you did not look him in the eye if you passed him up. Con artists and salespeople identify with the power of eye contact and use it to their advantage. Counselors understand that eye contact is a very influential way of communicating understanding and recognition. Speakers understand that eye contact is essential in making sure that an audience stays interested in ones subject (Hickson III Stacks, 1985). Posturing is another form of nonverbal communication. The way a person sits, stands, and postures themselves relays a number of possible signals that may communicate how one is experiencing their environment. An example would be a person folding their arms and legs, which is a defensive signal. It has at times been observed that a person who is a severe psychological threat will lay in a fetal position. A person who is seductive in nature postures themselves so that their body is exposed to other people (Fast, 1971). The fifth types of nonverbal communication are known as tics. The unconscious nervous spasms of the body can be a key to ones being threatened. There are a lot of people that stammer or jerk when they feel like they are being threatened. When it comes to communication, these mannerisms can be easily misinterpreted. Sub-vocals make up the sixth type of nonverbal communication. We say uh, uh, uh, when we are trying to find the right word to say in a conversation. We say a lot of words or sounds such as these in order to get the meaning to another person. In conversations, some of us may stammer, hum, grunt, groan and so on. Some of these sub-vocal sounds or noises are not actual words, but they do carry meaning. The next, seventh, type of nonverbal communication is called distancing. It has been said that each individual person has their own psychological space. When and if another person intrudes on that space, a person may become somewhat tense, alert, or jammed up. We have a tendency to place distance between ourselves and others based on the kinds of relationships that we have and what our motives are toward each other. These reasons for creating distances are often not visible to others, but the behavior is, nonetheless, interpreted. The eighth way to communicate non-verbally is with gesturing. There is a joke that says that if we bind a Frenchmans hands, he is voiceless. As we communicate with each other, there is a enormous amount of definition in our use of gestures. However, some of these gestures have different meanings to different people. At times people place different meanings to the hand signals that we give out. An example would be the A-OK sign, in which the thumb and first forefinger is placed together forming a circle. This sign is considered very obscene in some other countries. Another potentially obscene gestures in some cultures is the were number one signal. We put a lot of importance in our words and we try to make clear our meaning through the use of gestures (Maginnis, 1958). Vocalism or inflection makes up the ninth way to communicate non-verbally. An example of this would be the sentence I love my children. This is a sentence that could be insincere unless it is pronounced. The way that sentence is spoken vocally determines the idea that another person gets from it. For example, if the emphasis is on the first word, I love my children, it says that somebody else doesnt. If the emphasis is on the second word, I love my children, it has a different meaning. With this inflection, it is possibly saying that some of their behavior gets on my nerves. If more inflection is placed on the third word, I love my children, it says that someone elses children do not get the same affection. Finally, if more stress is in the last word, I love my children, it could be implied that there are other people whom I do not love. So the way we speak our words vocally often decides the meaning that another person is likely to gather from our message (Fast, 1971). The communication style that we use most frequently to send meaning from one person to another is the verbal style. However, anyone who has ever thought about it has come to the conclusion that there are huge difficulties in sole reliance on this style of communication. History is full of examples of misunderstandings between people who were relying on just the spoken words to carry meaning. Possibly the most important knowledge that has come out of this experience has been that words themselves do not have meaning. People have meaning, and words are merely tools that we use for trying to express meaning that is characteristic to one person into the individual meaning system of the other person (Bonvillain, 2007). One of the problems with words is that we attach to them different practical and emotional implications. Words are not always connected with related experiences or related feelings on the part of the listener and speaker. Other problems involved in using the verbal mode include the use of jargon, the use of clichà ©s, and the use of particular vocabularies. It is time and again said that words have meaning only in circumstance. It is easier to say that words only have meaning when they are associated with people in context (Hybels Weaver, 2007). It is not unusual to watch people trying to find the right words to say what they mean. There is a myth that there is a certain approach to say it right. If we conclude from that observable fact, it is easy to assume that there are some people who, instead of experiencing feelings and sensations, more frequently experience language. Specifically, their experience parameters are made clear by their vocabularies and their ability to be expressive (Bonvillain, 2007). The trouble with adults, evidently, is that frequently we are not aware of the physical feelings which we experience. We habitually doubt our fantasy lives and are likely to be afraid to allow ourselves to dream. We deal with the world in an intangible way rather than in a physical way. The definitions and ideas that we allow ourselves to be conscious of are verbal and intangible. What we get from the physical stimuli which we experience is reliant on our vocabularies and our reckoning abilities. However those three layers of experience concrete, image, and abstract are going on endlessly. People understand concretely, understand image, and understand the abstracting development which they carry out when they are awake and applying meaning to what they see, hear, feel, taste, and touch; and of course, many of these meanings cannot be passed from one person to another through just the verbal mode only (Bonvillain, 2007). The assumptions are obvious. For communication to take place there needs to be a two-way exchange of feelings, standards and values. One-way communication is vastly unproductive in that there is no way to decide whether what is heard is what is projected. The office memo is a type of one-way communication which is possibly the least helpful standard for transmitting meaning. A second suggestion is that for proper communication to be practiced, it is essential that there be a response process built in to the communication effort. There needs to be a nonstop flow back and forth between the people trying to communicate, sharing what they heard from each other. The third suggestion is that the individual person wishes to become intensely conscious of the series of signals which they are giving at any given moment. They can become skilled at that by requesting opinion from the people that they are attempting to share ideas. Nonverbal and verbal communication work as one to express and make clear messages sent between people. Jointly they sustain the feelings and ideas of the speaker. We employ nonverbal communication to demonstrate the verbal communication. If it wasnt for both types of communication we would not be able to completely comprehend each other. In conclusion, there is one question left to answer: With all these habits and methods of communication (verbal and non-verbal, internal and external) that we are able to utilize, why is it that the majority of the time we misunderstand each other?